Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
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Summary
- Southwest Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are present in Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang.
- The orangutan population size is unknown.
- The orangutan population trend is unknown.
- The total site area is 144.06 km².
- The main reported threats include forest clearing for palm oil expansion, human-wildlife conflict, agricultural encroachment, illegal logging, and mining activities.
- The main conservation activities have focused on community education, natural habitat rehabilitation, and mitigating human–wildlife conflict through community based patrols.
Site characteristics
Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang' refers to an officially designated ecological site comprising a cluster of three Village Forests (Hutan Desa) located in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. These include: Hutan Desa Sungai Besar (Village Forest of Sungai Besar), Hutan Desa Pematang Gadung (Village Forest of Pematang Gadung), Hutan Desa Sungai Pelang (Village Forest of Sungai Pelang). The forests are adjacent to one another and each holds an individual legal permit issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Together, they form a vital ecological corridor that supports biodiversity conservation and carbon storage (Tropenbos Indonesia 2021, Rimba Collective 2025, Julie pers. comm. 2025).
Table 1. Basic site information for Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
| Species | Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
| Area | 144.06 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -1.851710 , Lon: 110.243773 |
| Type of site | Non-protected area (Village Forest) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest |
| Type of governance | Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Present (unknown severity) | Vegetation clearing for agricultural purposes through slash-and-burn techniques (Rimba Collective 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1.3 Industrial farming (including palm oil) | Present (unknown severity) | Growth/expansion of commercial timber and oil palm cultivation (Rimba Collective 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
| 3 Energy production & mining | 3.2 Mining & quarrying | Present (unknown severity) | Illegal gold mining activities, were reported (Tropenbos Indonesia 2021, Rimba Collective 2025). | 2021-Ongoing (2025) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict | Present (unknown severity) | Human wildlife conflict has been documented at the site, specific details are unknown (Sherman et al. 2022). | Ongoing (2022) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | Present (unknown severity) | Illegal logging activities are also reported (Rimba Collective 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | 2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | Conducting patrols and surveillance within village forests to monitor environmental conditions, track forest and land fires, and identify potential illegal activities and threats to forest integrity (Rimba Collective 2025). | Rimba Collective Project | Ongoing (2025) |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.6 Habitat restoration | Habitat management activities were reported, restoration of degraded zones inside and surrounding the village forests through methods such as reforestation, agroforestry, peatland water regulation, and assisted natural regeneration initiatives (Sherman et al. 2022, Rimba Collective 2025). | Rimba Collective Project | 2022-Ongoing (2025) |
| 4 Education & awareness | Other | Community outreach and capacity-building activities have been documented (Sherman et al. 2022). Community awareness is promoted through events and educational support (Rimba Collective 2025). | Rimba Collective Project | 2022-Ongoing (2025) |
Challenges
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Hutan Desa Sungai Besar, Pematang Gadung, dan Sungai Pelang
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Institutional support | 4.1 Effective legislation and law enforcement | Sherman et al. 2022 | Ongoing (2022) |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Rimba Collective. (2025). Ketapang District: Sustainable community-based forest stewardship and livelihood improvement. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://rimbacollective.com/project/ketapang-district
Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744
Tropenbos Indonesia. (2021, ~June). Upaya insentif tiga hutan desa di lanskap Pawan-Pesaguhan, Ketapang [Efforts to incentivize three village forests in the Pawan–Pesaguhan landscape, Ketapang]. Tropenbos Indonesia. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.tropenbos-indonesia.org/news/450/upaya%2Binsentif%2Btiga%2Bhutan%2Bdesa%2Bdi%2Blanskap%2Bpawan-pesaguhan%2C%2Bketapang
Page created by: Aime Mizero Date: 2025-07-14