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Summary

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Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in UFA 10-065.
In 2012, it was estimated that 380 gorillas inhabit in the site.
The population trends are unknown.
Great apes in the site are mainly threatened by hunting and logging.

Site characteristics

The site is a logging concession neighboring Deng Deng National Park in Cameroon.Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) are present in the site (Maisels et al. 2013).

Table 1. Basic site information for UFA 10-065

Species	Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Area	500 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 5.350849 , Lon: 13.441975
Type of site	Logging concession
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for UFA 10-065

Species	Year	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2010	3.5	1.29 (0.7-2.4)	459 (247-854)	UFA 10-065 (500 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling	Maisels et al. 2013
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2012	2.5 (1.5‐4.4)	0.76 (0.42-1.34)	380 (215-670)	UFA 10-065 (500 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling	Maisels et al. 2013
Pan troglodytes troglodytes	2012	0.09 (0.03‐0.3)			UFA 10-065 (500 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling	Maisels et al. 2013	Chimpanzee density was too low to estimate accurately. Density and abundance not calculated due to low encounters.

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for UFA 10-065

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Presence of snares, gunshots, hunting camps, and cartridge cases throughout the park and logging concession, indicating ongoing hunting (Maisels et al., 2013).	Ongoing (2013)
5 Biological resource use	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	Low (up to 30% of population affected)	Signs of extraction of of bark, honey or palm wine (Maisels et al. 2013).	Ongoing (2013)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Logging activities causing habitat fragmentation and degradation in the area, as the UFA is part of a large logging concession (Maisels et al., 2013).	Ongoing (2013)

Threats

Conservation activities

WCS began working in the Deng Deng landscape (including UFA 10-065) in early 2009 as part of a collaborative effort with the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF), supported financially by the French Development Agency (AFD). The area hosts the northernmost known population of lowland gorillas and is also home to other threatened species, including chimpanzees, elephants, hippopotamuses, giant pangolins, and yellow-backed duikers (WCS n.d.).

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for UFA 10-065

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols	Great ape surveys and human activity surveys have been conducted in the area and surroundings (WCS n.d., Maisels et al. 2013).	Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)	2009-Ongoing (2013)
4 Education & awareness	4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use	Environmental education and awareness raising for the protection of great apes and biodiversity (WCS n.d.).	Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)	Ongoing (2009)
7 Economic & other incentives	7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)	Capacity building in natural resources management and support for livelihood initiatives (WCS n.d.).	Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)	Ongoing (2009)

Conservation activities

Challenges

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for UFA 10-065

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported				Maisels et al., 2013.

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in UFA 10-065

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	24.1	25.4	25.1	25.5	26.6
Annual precipitation [mm]	1514	1574	1579	1577	1610
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	46.9	42.4	46	42.5	46.4
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	5.9	7.2	7.1	6.7	7.8

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in UFA 10-065

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	9	0.22	7	0.34	8	0.2	12	0.25
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heatwave	0.5	50	1.5	100	2	100	3.5	100
River flood	0.75	1.13	1	0.81	0.5	1.47	1.75	3.01
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.75	30	0.76	29	0.76	29	0.77

Precipitation anomaly in UFA 10-065
Temperature anomaly in UFA 10-065

External links

References

Maisels, F., Strindberg , S., Ambahe, R., Ambassa, E., Yara, C.N., Pouomegne, B., Fosso, B., Fotso, R. (2013). Deng Deng National Park and UFA 10‐065, Republic of Cameroon. Wildlife and Human Impact Survey 2012. 37pp. Wildlife Conservation Society.
Wildlife Conservation Society. (n.d.). Deng Deng National Park. https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Deng-Deng-National-Park.aspx

Page created by: Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth Date: 2024-11-28 10:30:00

Page updated by: Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth Date: 2025-10-22