Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe): Difference between revisions
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= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | ||
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= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | ||
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= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
The main threats to bonobos in the block include poaching, habitat loss due and fragmentation, and the potential for disease transmission (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | The main threats to bonobos in the block include poaching, habitat loss due and fragmentation, and the potential for disease transmission ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)''' | ||
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Agricultural activities leading to habitat destruction (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | |Agricultural activities leading to habitat destruction ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Commercial poaching to supply urban bushmeat markets is intense, as the markets in Mbandaka, Kinshasa and Brazzaville are accessible through the Congo River (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | |Commercial poaching to supply urban bushmeat markets is intense, as the markets in Mbandaka, Kinshasa and Brazzaville are accessible through the Congo River ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | |5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Collection of NFTPs (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | |Collection of NFTPs ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 107: | Line 107: | ||
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Logging concessions, located largely in the south, cover approximately 40% of the landscape; terra firma forests are mainly old secondary forests that have been logged in the past (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | |Logging concessions, located largely in the south, cover approximately 40% of the landscape; terra firma forests are mainly old secondary forests that have been logged in the past ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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= Conservation activities = | = Conservation activities = | ||
Within the framework of the CARPE programme, a land-use plan is being developed, which includes three protected areas, 13 community-based natural resource management areas and six resource extraction zones. The proposed protected areas are Tumba-Lediima Natural Reserve (7,500 km²), Ngiri Biosphere Reserve (524 km², created in January 2011), with no bonobos but a small population of chimpanzees (being located on the right bank of the Congo River), and Mabali Scientific Reserve (2.6 km²) (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | Within the framework of the CARPE programme, a land-use plan is being developed, which includes three protected areas, 13 community-based natural resource management areas and six resource extraction zones. The proposed protected areas are Tumba-Lediima Natural Reserve (7,500 km²), Ngiri Biosphere Reserve (524 km², created in January 2011), with no bonobos but a small population of chimpanzees (being located on the right bank of the Congo River), and Mabali Scientific Reserve (2.6 km²) ([[#R01939|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). | ||
= Challenges = | = Challenges = | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
Inogwabini, B | <span id="R01937"></span>Inogwabini, B., Matungila, B., Mbende, L., Abokome, M., & Tshimanga, T. w. (2007). Great apes in the Lake Tumba landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo: newly described populations. ''Oryx'', 41(4), 532-538. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307414120 doi:10.1017/s0030605307414120] | ||
Inogwabini, B | <span id="R01938"></span>Inogwabini, B., Bewa, M., Longwango, M., Abokome, M., & Vuvu, M. (2008). The Bonobos of the Lake Tumba – Lake Maindombe Hinterland: Threats and Opportunities for Population Conservation. In ''Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects'' (pp. 273-290). Springer New York. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74787-3_14 doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74787-3_14] | ||
IUCN & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. | <span id="R01939"></span>IUCN, & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. [http://www.primate-sg.org/storage/pdf/Bonobo_Conservation_Strategy.pdf link] | ||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-05-30 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-05-30 | ||
Revision as of 16:31, 12 October 2026
Central Africa > Democratic Republic of the Congo > Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
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Summary
- Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are present in Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe).
- It has been estimated that up to 5,000 individuals occur in the site.
- The population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 72,000 km².
- Key threats to bonobos are poaching, habitat destruction and degradation, risk of disease transmission.
- Conservation activities have focused on land-use planning.
Site characteristics
The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
Table 1. Basic site information for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Species | Pan paniscus |
| Area | 72,000 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -1.487097 , Lon: 17.250945 |
| Type of site | Non-protected area |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Savanna, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes) |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
The block corresponds to the DRC sector of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership and the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Lac Télé-Lac Tumba transboundary landscape (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The area extends over more than 72,000 km² and includes the Tumba and Mai Ndombe lakes. Swamp forests and seasonally-flooded forests cover 60–65% of the area, while the southern parts of the landscape are covered with savanna-forest mosaic (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The wetland is part of a transboundary Ramsar agreement with the Republic of Congo; the DRC sector (65,700 km²) is the largest Ramsar site in the world (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan paniscus | 2003-2010 | 5000.0 | Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe) | Other | IUCN & ICCN 2012 | estimate is a maxiumum |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
The main threats to bonobos in the block include poaching, habitat loss due and fragmentation, and the potential for disease transmission (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Agricultural activities leading to habitat destruction (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | Ongoing (2012) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Commercial poaching to supply urban bushmeat markets is intense, as the markets in Mbandaka, Kinshasa and Brazzaville are accessible through the Congo River (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | Ongoing (2012) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Collection of NFTPs (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | Ongoing (2012) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Logging concessions, located largely in the south, cover approximately 40% of the landscape; terra firma forests are mainly old secondary forests that have been logged in the past (IUCN & ICCN 2012). | Ongoing (2012) |
Conservation activities
Within the framework of the CARPE programme, a land-use plan is being developed, which includes three protected areas, 13 community-based natural resource management areas and six resource extraction zones. The proposed protected areas are Tumba-Lediima Natural Reserve (7,500 km²), Ngiri Biosphere Reserve (524 km², created in January 2011), with no bonobos but a small population of chimpanzees (being located on the right bank of the Congo River), and Mabali Scientific Reserve (2.6 km²) (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Western block (Lac Tumba-Lac Mai Ndombe)
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Inogwabini, B., Matungila, B., Mbende, L., Abokome, M., & Tshimanga, T. w. (2007). Great apes in the Lake Tumba landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo: newly described populations. Oryx, 41(4), 532-538. doi:10.1017/s0030605307414120
Inogwabini, B., Bewa, M., Longwango, M., Abokome, M., & Vuvu, M. (2008). The Bonobos of the Lake Tumba – Lake Maindombe Hinterland: Threats and Opportunities for Population Conservation. In Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects (pp. 273-290). Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74787-3_14
IUCN, & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. link
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2022-05-30