Zemongo Faunal Reserve: Difference between revisions
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* Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the reserve | * Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the reserve | ||
* Conservation activities are not documented. | * Conservation activities are not documented. | ||
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[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] | [[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] | ||
= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
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[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] | [[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] | ||
= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
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[[Threats]] | [[Threats]] | ||
= Conservation activities = | = Conservation activities = | ||
Despite the absence of conservation activities in the region, CAR’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan proposes rehabilitation of the reserve. This objective is reiterated in CAR’s National Operation Plan for COMIFAC (Plumptre et al. 2010). | Despite the absence of conservation activities in the region, CAR’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan proposes rehabilitation of the reserve. This objective is reiterated in CAR’s National Operation Plan for COMIFAC (Plumptre et al. 2010). | ||
= Challenges = | = Challenges = | ||
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[[Challenges]] | [[Challenges]] | ||
= Enablers = | = Enablers = | ||
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[[Enablers]] | [[Enablers]] | ||
= Research activities = | = Research activities = | ||
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[[Behaviours]] | [[Behaviours]] | ||
= Exposure to climate change impacts = | = Exposure to climate change impacts = | ||
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<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Zemongo.png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly inZemongo Faunal Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Zemongo.png | 450px | thumb| none | Temperature anomaly inZemongo Faunal Reserve]] </li></ul></div> | |||
= External links = | = External links = | ||
Revision as of 02:56, 6 November 2025
Central Africa > Central African Republic > Zemongo Faunal Reserve
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Summary
- Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are present in Zemongo Faunal Reserve.
- The population size is unknown.
- The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 10,100 km².
- Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the reserve
- Conservation activities are not documented.
Site characteristics
Zemongo Faunal Reserve was established in 1925. The reserve is located in southeastern Central African Republic, bordering South Sudan to the northeast, and contiguous with Chinko Nature Reserve (Hughes & Hughes 1992). Originally the site was delineated as a 4,800 km² reserve to provide protection to the now extinct white and black rhinoceros (Plumptre et al. 2010). The site was extended and redesignated in 1975. The reserve has expanded to include a very diverse habitat in the region, marking the transition between Congolian rainforest and Sahelian grasslands (Plumptre et al. 2010). Zemongo comprises 10,100 sq. km, of which 1,720 sq. km consist of inundated forest. The site is situated in the Vovado river watershed (Hughes & Hughes 1992). The site is the only protected area in the region within the current known chimpanzee range (Plumptre et al. 2010).
Table 1. Basic site information for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Species | Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii |
| Area | 10,100 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 6.752278 , Lon: 25.207170 |
| Type of site | Protected area (Faunal Reserve) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Savanna |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
The presence of chimpanzees was reported during a survey prior to 2010; two nests and a footprint were found (Plumptre et al. 2010). There is a clear need for surveys to determine the current status of chimpanzees at the site (Plumptre et al. 2010).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii | Zemongo Faunal Reserve |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
The human population is small along the border with Sudan, where chimpanzees inhabit forests. However, Zemongo is the only protected area in the region, and illegal poachers and armed militia coming from Sudan are increasingly common, as well as shepherds and refugees from South Sudan (GRASP).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Intense hunting in the buffer zone of the reserve (Varty 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
Conservation activities
Despite the absence of conservation activities in the region, CAR’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan proposes rehabilitation of the reserve. This objective is reiterated in CAR’s National Operation Plan for COMIFAC (Plumptre et al. 2010).
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).
Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Value | 1981-2010 | 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 | 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 | 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 | 2071-2099, RCP 6.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean temperature [C] | 24.9 | 26 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 27.2 |
| Annual precipitation [mm] | 1608 | 1659 | 1702 | 1691 | 1744 |
| Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | 41.9 | 53 | 49.3 | 51.7 | 56.2 |
| No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) | 5.5 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 10.6 |
Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zemongo Faunal Reserve
| Type | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crop failure | 16.5 | 0.01 | 8.5 | 0.01 | 16.5 | 0 | 27.5 | 0.01 |
| Drought | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heatwave | 3 | 35 | 2 | 32.14 | 2 | 41.67 | 4 | 41.67 |
| River flood | 1.75 | 0.72 | 2.5 | 0.53 | 2 | 0.71 | 2.75 | 0.52 |
| Tropical cyclone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wildfire | 30 | 0.88 | 30 | 0.91 | 29 | 0.87 | 29 | 0.9 |
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Precipitation anomaly inZemongo Faunal Reserve -
Temperature anomaly inZemongo Faunal Reserve
External links
References
Hughes. R. H.. Hughes. J. S.. A directory of African wetlands. 23 April 2011. 1992. IUCN. 978-2-88032-949-5. 485.
Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. and Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 52pp.
Varty, N. (2005). Central African Republic. World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center, 314.
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2022-01-15