Tingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01813"></span>Environment Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. Sierra Leone’s Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2026.		<span id="R01813"></span>Environment Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. Sierra Leone’s Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2026.

	<span id="R02325"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02325"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-09-20		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-09-20

WikiEdit at 14:36, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:36, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01813"></span>Environment Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. Sierra Leone’s Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2026.		<span id="R01813"></span>Environment Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. Sierra Leone’s Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2026.

	<span id="R02325"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02325"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-09-20		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-09-20

WikiEdit at 19:13, 14 October 2026

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	\|[[#R01812\|Brncic et al. 2010]]		\|[[#R01812\|Brncic et al. 2010]]
	\|Total survey effort: 24.55 km		\|Total survey effort: 24.55 km
	\|SLE0002, SLE0003, SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037		\|SLE0002, SLE0003<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+13 more" data-collapsetext="less">SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037</div>
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 20:31, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:20, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Tingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Tingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 14:49, 25 March 2026

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	* There is a lack of information on conservation interventions implemented at the site.		* There is a lack of information on conservation interventions implemented at the site.
	* The remote area is renowned for its batholiths.		* The remote area is renowned for its batholiths.





	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =
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	\|Agricultural practices are a main threat in the reserve, causing forest clearance and erosion of the soil (Brncic et al. 2010).		\|Agricultural practices are a main threat in the reserve, causing forest clearance and erosion of the soil (Brncic et al. 2010).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
			\|-
			\|3 Energy production & mining
			\|3.2 Mining & quarrying
			\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
			\|Mining is a potential long-term threat and takes places along the river in the south of the reserve (BirdLife International 2019).
			\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Transportation & service corridors		\|4 Transportation & service corridors
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	\|Hunting signs present in the reserve (Brncic et al. 2010).		\|Hunting signs present in the reserve (Brncic et al. 2010).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-
	~~\|3 Energy production & mining~~
	~~\|3.2 Mining & quarrying~~
	~~\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Mining is a potential long-term threat and takes places along the river in the south of the reserve (BirdLife International 2019).~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2019)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Natural system modifications		\|7 Natural system modifications

WikiEdit at 07:32, 4 February 2026

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	\|The site was designated a Forest Reserve in 1947 and Non-hunting Forest Reserve in 1973 (BirdLife International 2019)		\|The site was designated a Forest Reserve in 1947 and Non-hunting Forest Reserve in 1973 (BirdLife International 2019)
	\|		\|
	\|1947-Ongoing (~~2019~~)		\|1947-Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:11, 6 November 2025

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inTingi~~ Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inTingi~~ Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Tingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Tingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:55, 6 November 2025

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	* There is a lack of information on conservation interventions implemented at the site.		* There is a lack of information on conservation interventions implemented at the site.
	* The remote area is renowned for its batholiths.		* The remote area is renowned for its batholiths.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	No information on research activities has been documented.		No information on research activities has been documented.


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inTingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Tingi_Hills_-_Sankan_Biriwa.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inTingi Hills Non-hunting Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 08:18, 31 October 2025

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	\|-		\|-
	\|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)		\|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)
	\|35.~~200000000000003~~		\|35.2
	\|37		\|37
	\|37.5		\|37.5
	\|39.~~700000000000003~~		\|39.7
	\|41.8		\|41.8
	\|-		\|-
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	\|6.9		\|6.9
	\|7.3		\|7.3
	\|8.~~6999999999999993~~		\|8.7
	\|}		\|}

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	\|1.4		\|1.4
	\|0.5		\|0.5
	\|2.~~0699999999999998~~		\|2.07
	\|2		\|2
	\|2.19		\|2.19
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	\|Wildfire		\|Wildfire
	\|30		\|30
	\|0.~~56000000000000005~~		\|0.56
	\|30		\|30
	\|0.~~56999999999999995~~		\|0.57
	\|29		\|29
	\|0.~~57999999999999996~~		\|0.58
	\|29		\|29
	\|0.59		\|0.59