Mpem & Djim National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01343"></span>Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun.		<span id="R01343"></span>Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun.

	<span id="R02277"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02277"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01343"></span>Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun.		<span id="R01343"></span>Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun.

	<span id="R02277"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02277"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:18, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Mpem & Djim National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Mpem & Djim National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2013~~		\|2021
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|1.13
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|Mpem & Djim National Park		\|Mpem & Djim National Park
	\|~~Unknown~~		\|Camera trap, Line transects & recces
	\|
	~~\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013~~
	\|		\|
			\|Fotsing et al. 2025
			\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2021~~		\|2013
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|~~1.13~~		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|Mpem & Djim National Park		\|Mpem & Djim National Park
	\|~~Camera trap, Line transects & recces~~		\|Unknown
			\|
			\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013
	\|		\|
	~~\|Fotsing et al. 2025~~
	~~\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.~~
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= References =		= References =

	Fotsing, E. D. B., & Kamkeng, M. M. F. (2025). A ~~Multi~~-~~Species Occupancy Modelling Approach~~ to ~~Assess~~ the ~~Impacts~~ of ~~Ecological Covariates~~ on ~~Terrestrial Vertebrates~~ in a ~~Tropical Hotspot~~ in ~~Central~~ Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 63:e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.70048 <br>		Fotsing, E. D. B., & Kamkeng, M. M. F. (2025). A multi-species occupancy modelling approach to assess the impacts of ecological covariates on terrestrial vertebrates in a tropical hotspot in central Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 63, e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.70048 <br>
	Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & ~~Salah Senge~~, M. (~~2025~~). ~~Camera Trapping to Assess~~ Diversity, ~~Habitat Use~~ and ~~Activity Patterns~~ of ~~Mammals~~ in ~~a Tropical Hotspot Area~~. African Journal of Ecology, 63(1), ~~e70004~~. <br>
	Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & ~~Zinner~~, D. (~~2024a~~). ~~Opinions~~, ~~attitudes~~ and ~~perceptions of local people towards the conservation~~ of ~~Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzees~~ in ~~Mpem‐Djim National Park, central Cameroon~~. ~~People and Nature~~, 6(2), ~~865-881~~. <br>		Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., Marcel Senge, S., & Zinner, D. (2024b). Diversity, habitat and activity patterns of mesocarnivore assemblages in an Afrotropical protected forest–savannah mosaic of central Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 62(3), e13283. <br>
	Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M~~., Marcel Senge, S~~., & Zinner, D. (~~2024b~~). ~~Diversity~~, ~~habitat~~ and ~~activity patterns~~ of ~~mesocarnivore assemblages~~ in ~~an Afrotropical protected forest savannah mosaic of Central~~ Cameroon. ~~African Journal of Ecology~~, 62(3), ~~e13283~~. <br>
			Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & Salah Senge, M. (2025). Camera trapping to assess diversity, habitat use and activity patterns of mammals in a tropical hotspot area. African Journal of Ecology, 63(1), e70004. <br>

			Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & Zinner, D. (2024a). Opinions, attitudes and perceptions of local people towards the conservation of Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees in Mpem-Djim National Park, central Cameroon. People and Nature, 6(2), 865–881. <br>

	Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun. <br>		Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun. <br>

WikiEdit at 09:22, 21 April 2026

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	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.2 Lack of staff		\|2.2 Lack of staff
			\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013
			\|Ongoing (2013)
			\|-
			\|2 Resources and capacity
			\|2.3 General lack of funding
	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013
	\|Ongoing (2013)		\|Ongoing (2013)
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	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.7 Lack of ~~infrastructure~~		\|2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data
	\|~~Mbamba Mbamba 2013~~		\|Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|Ongoing (~~2013~~)		\|2004-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.~~3 General lack~~ of ~~funding~~		\|2.7 Lack of infrastructure
	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013
	\|Ongoing (2013)		\|Ongoing (2013)
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	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|2013-Ongoing (2025)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Resources and capacity~~
	~~\|2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data~~
	~~\|Fotsing et al. 2025~~
	~~\|2004-Ongoing (2025)~~
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:46, 25 March 2026

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	* The total surface area of the park is 974.8 km².		* The total surface area of the park is 974.8 km².
	* The major threats include agricultural encroachment, pastoral pressure, poaching, and illegal logging (Mbamba Mbamba 2013).		* The major threats include agricultural encroachment, pastoral pressure, poaching, and illegal logging (Mbamba Mbamba 2013).






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	\|Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune (MINFOF)		\|Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune (MINFOF)
	\|2012-Ongoing (2025)		\|2012-Ongoing (2025)
			\|-
			\|4 Education & awareness
			\|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
			\|Local communities are engaged in conservation awareness. In addition, research-based monitoring is conducted to inform conservation planning and adaptive management (Fotsing et al. 2025).
			\|Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (Cameroon), Supported by Aspire Grant Program, Idea Wild Foundation, Primate Action Fund, Primate Conservation Incorporated Grant (PCI), Society for Conservation Biology.
			\|2021-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
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	\|		\|
	\|2004-Ongoing (2026)		\|2004-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-
	~~\|4 Education & awareness~~
	~~\|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management~~
	~~\|Local communities are engaged in conservation awareness. In addition, research-based monitoring is conducted to inform conservation planning and adaptive management (Fotsing et al. 2025).~~
	\|Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (Cameroon), Supported by Aspire Grant Program, Idea Wild Foundation, Primate Action Fund, Primate Conservation Incorporated Grant (PCI), Society for Conservation Biology.
	~~\|2021-Ongoing (2025)~~
	\|}		\|}

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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Poaching present in the site (Mbamba Mbamba 2013). During a survey around the area, a relatively high proportion of respondents (19.3% (N = 46) reported involvement in chimpanzee hunting, eating chimpanzee meat or using of body part in traditional medicine (Fotsing et al. 2024a). Bushmeat hunting and poaching have been consistently identified as major threats (Fotsing et al. 2025). in addition, wire snares and traps were observed during recce and line transects walks (Fotsing et al. 2025).		\|Poaching present in the site (Mbamba Mbamba 2013). During a survey around the area, a relatively high proportion of respondents (19.3% (N = 46) reported involvement in chimpanzee hunting, eating chimpanzee meat or using of body part in traditional medicine (Fotsing et al. 2024a). Bushmeat hunting and poaching have been consistently identified as major threats (Fotsing et al. 2025). In addition, wire snares and traps were observed during recce and line transects walks (Fotsing et al. 2025).
	\|2013-Ongoing (2025)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-

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	\|Camera trap, Line transects & recces		\|Camera trap, Line transects & recces
	\|		\|
	\|~~Fotsing et al. 2025,~~ Fotsing et al. 2025		\|Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.		\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.
	\|		\|

WikiEdit at 12:50, 13 January 2026

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	\|2021		\|2021
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|1.13
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|Mpem & Djim National Park		\|Mpem & Djim National Park
	\|Camera trap		\|Camera trap, Line transects & recces
	\|		\|
	\|Fotsing et al. 2025		\|Fotsing et al. 2025, Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.		\|The study was carried in the Western part of Mpem and Djim National Park, in the dry season.
	\|		\|
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Poaching present in the site (Mbamba Mbamba 2013). During a survey around the area, a relatively high proportion of respondents (19.3% (N = 46) reported involvement in chimpanzee hunting, eating chimpanzee meat or using of body part in traditional medicine (Fotsing et al. 2024a). Bushmeat hunting and poaching have been consistently identified as major threats (Fotsing et al. 2025).		\|Poaching present in the site (Mbamba Mbamba 2013). During a survey around the area, a relatively high proportion of respondents (19.3% (N = 46) reported involvement in chimpanzee hunting, eating chimpanzee meat or using of body part in traditional medicine (Fotsing et al. 2024a). Bushmeat hunting and poaching have been consistently identified as major threats (Fotsing et al. 2025). in addition, wire snares and traps were observed during recce and line transects walks (Fotsing et al. 2025).
	\|2013-Ongoing (2025)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols		\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
	\|~~Patrols have been~~ conducted ~~but details are unknown~~ (Mbamba Mbamba 2013).		\|Anti-poaching patrols are conducted by park rangers (Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025).
	\|		\|Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune (MINFOF)
	\|Ongoing (~~2012~~)		\|2012-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
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	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation		\|2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation
	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|Ongoing (~~2013~~)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|5 Ecological context		\|5 Ecological context
	\|5.1 Ecological constraints (e.g., susceptibility to climate change, difficult terrain)		\|5.1 Ecological constraints (e.g., susceptibility to climate change, difficult terrain)
	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|Ongoing (~~2013~~)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025		\|Mbamba Mbamba 2013, Fotsing et al. 2025
	\|2013-Ongoing (2025)		\|2013-Ongoing (2025)
			\|-
			\|4 Institutional support
			\|4.2 Strong government support
			\|Fotsing et al. 2025
			\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|}		\|}

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	= References =		= References =

	~~Mbamba Mbamba~~, J. P. K. (~~2013~~, ~~January~~). ~~État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]~~. ~~Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre~~, ~~Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune~~, ~~Cameroun~~. <br>		Fotsing, E. D. B., & Kamkeng, M. M. F. (2025). A Multi-Species Occupancy Modelling Approach to Assess the Impacts of Ecological Covariates on Terrestrial Vertebrates in a Tropical Hotspot in Central Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 63:e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.70048 <br>
			Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & Salah Senge, M. (2025). Camera Trapping to Assess Diversity, Habitat Use and Activity Patterns of Mammals in a Tropical Hotspot Area. African Journal of Ecology, 63(1), e70004. <br>
	Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & Zinner, D. (2024a). Opinions, attitudes and perceptions of local people towards the conservation of Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzees in Mpem‐Djim National Park, central Cameroon. People and Nature, 6(2), 865-881. <br>		Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., & Zinner, D. (2024a). Opinions, attitudes and perceptions of local people towards the conservation of Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzees in Mpem‐Djim National Park, central Cameroon. People and Nature, 6(2), 865-881. <br>
	Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., Marcel Senge, S., & Zinner, D. (2024b). Diversity, habitat and activity patterns of mesocarnivore assemblages in an Afrotropical protected forest savannah mosaic of Central Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 62(3), e13283. <br>		Fotsing, E. D., Kamkeng, M. M., Marcel Senge, S., & Zinner, D. (2024b). Diversity, habitat and activity patterns of mesocarnivore assemblages in an Afrotropical protected forest savannah mosaic of Central Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 62(3), e13283. <br>
	~~Fotsing~~, E. D. B., ~~& Kamkeng, M. M. F. (2025~~). ~~A Multi-Species Occupancy Modelling Approach to Assess the Impacts of Ecological Covariates on Terrestrial Vertebrates in a Tropical Hotspot in Central Cameroon~~. ~~African Journal of Ecology~~, ~~63:e70048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje~~.~~70048~~ <br>		Mbamba Mbamba, J. P. K. (2013, January). État des lieux du Parc National de Mpem et Djim [Unpublished internal report]. Centre Régional de la Délégation des Forêts et de la Faune du Centre, Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune, Cameroun. <br>