Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01031"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015). Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]		<span id="R01031"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015). Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]

	<span id="R02241"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02241"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-11-03		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-11-03

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	<span id="R01030"></span>The Analyst News. 2018. YES Visits Lake Piso Multiple Use Reserve in Robertsport. Online: https://liberiananalyst.com/2018/11/14/yes-visits-lake-piso-multiple-use-reserve-in-robertsport/		<span id="R01030"></span>The Analyst News. 2018. YES Visits Lake Piso Multiple Use Reserve in Robertsport. Online: https://liberiananalyst.com/2018/11/14/yes-visits-lake-piso-multiple-use-reserve-in-robertsport/

	<span id="R01031"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (~~2014~~). Conservation status of ~~chimpanzeesPan~~ troglodytes ~~verusand~~ other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]		<span id="R01031"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015). Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]

	<span id="R02241"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02241"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-11-03		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-11-03

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2010-2012~~		\|2023
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|Lake Piso forest ~~block~~		\|Lake Piso, Warkolor forest area
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~Tweh et al~~. ~~2014~~		\|Deh, J.J., pers. Comm. 2023
	~~\|Total survey effort: 2 days, indirect signs of chimpanzee presence (vocalization, but no nests~~, ~~Junker~~ pers. ~~comm~~. ~~2019)~~		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2023~~		\|2010-2012
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|Lake Piso~~, Warkolor~~ forest ~~area~~		\|Lake Piso forest block
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~Deh~~, ~~J.J.~~, pers. ~~Comm~~. ~~2023~~		\|Tweh et al. 2014
	\|		\|Total survey effort: 2 days, indirect signs of chimpanzee presence (vocalization, but no nests, Junker pers. comm. 2019)
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

WikiEdit at 14:45, 25 March 2026

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	* Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.
	* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.		* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.






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	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~6 Human intrusions~~ & ~~disturbance~~		\|1 Residential & commercial development
	\|6.~~2 War, civil unrest & military exercises~~		\|1.1 Residential areas
	\|~~High~~ (~~more than 70% of population affected~~)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~Pressure on mangroves greatly increased during civil conflict, by displaced people who moved to coastal~~ areas (Spalding et al. 2010)		\|Expansion of urban areas (Spalding et al. 2010)
	\|~~1990-2003~~		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~9 Pollution~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|9.~~4 Garbage~~ & ~~solid waste~~		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	\|~~High~~ (~~more than 70% of population affected~~)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~Solid waste disposal~~ (~~Sambolah 2007,~~ Spalding et al. 2010)~~, disposal of rotten fish~~ (Sambolah 2007).		\|Conversion of land to rice field (Spalding et al. 2010) and farming (Sambolah 2007)
	\|~~2007-~~Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
	\|3 Energy production & mining		\|3 Energy production & mining
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	\|Sand mining (Sambolah 2007)		\|Sand mining (Sambolah 2007)
	\|Ongoing (2007)		\|Ongoing (2007)
			\|-
			\|4 Transportation & service corridors
			\|4.1 Roads & railroads
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|Construction of roads (Spalding et al. 2010)
			\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|Overharvest of timber and fuelwood (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010)		\|Overharvest of timber and fuelwood (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010)
	\|Ongoing (2007)		\|Ongoing (2007)
			\|-
			\|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
			\|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|Pressure on mangroves greatly increased during civil conflict, by displaced people who moved to coastal areas (Spalding et al. 2010)
			\|1990-2003
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Natural system modifications		\|7 Natural system modifications
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	\|Burning of vegetation (savannah woodland, Sambolah 2007)		\|Burning of vegetation (savannah woodland, Sambolah 2007)
	\|Ongoing (2007)		\|Ongoing (2007)
	\|-
	~~\|1 Residential & commercial development~~
	~~\|1.1 Residential areas~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Expansion of urban areas (Spalding et al. 2010)~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2010)~~
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Conversion of land to rice field (Spalding et al. 2010) and farming (Sambolah 2007)~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2010)~~
	\|-
	~~\|4 Transportation & service corridors~~
	~~\|4.1 Roads & railroads~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Construction of roads (Spalding et al. 2010)~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2010)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|9 Pollution		\|9 Pollution
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	\|Industrial pollution (Spalding et al. 2010)		\|Industrial pollution (Spalding et al. 2010)
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
			\|-
			\|9 Pollution
			\|9.4 Garbage & solid waste
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|Solid waste disposal (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010), disposal of rotten fish (Sambolah 2007).
			\|2007-Ongoing (2010)
	\|}		\|}

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	\|		\|
	\|2005-2006, 2016-2017		\|2005-2006, 2016-2017
	\|-
	~~\|5 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat~~
	~~\|The site is classified as a multiple sustainable use reserve since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018)~~
	\|
	~~\|2011-Ongoing (2018)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Education & awareness		\|4 Education & awareness
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	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
			\|-
			\|5 Protection & restoration
			\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
			\|The site is classified as a multiple sustainable use reserve since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018)
			\|
			\|2011-Ongoing (2018)
	\|}		\|}

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inLake~~ Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inLake~~ Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:51, 6 November 2025

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	* Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.
	* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.		* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	No information on research activities has been documented.		No information on research activities has been documented.


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inLake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lake_Piso.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inLake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 08:15, 31 October 2025

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	\|34		\|34
	\|29.8		\|29.8
	\|33.~~799999999999997~~		\|33.8
	\|33.1		\|33.1
	\|-		\|-
	\|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)		\|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)
	\|6.6		\|6.6
	\|8.~~1999999999999993~~		\|8.2
	\|8.~~1999999999999993~~		\|8.2
	\|8.~~6999999999999993~~		\|8.7
	\|9.4		\|9.4
	\|}		\|}