East Nimba Nature Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:52, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00540"></span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: [East Nimba Nature Reserve in Liberia; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [08/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. [http://www.protectedplanet.net link]		<span id="R00540"></span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: [East Nimba Nature Reserve in Liberia; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [08/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. [http://www.protectedplanet.net link]

	<span id="R02191"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02191"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-10-27		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-10-27

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	<span id="R00537"></span>FFI. 2019. Implementing effective management of East Nimba Nature Reserve. Online: https://www.fauna-flora.org/projects/implementing-effective-management-east-nimba-nature-reserve		<span id="R00537"></span>FFI. 2019. Implementing effective management of East Nimba Nature Reserve. Online: https://www.fauna-flora.org/projects/implementing-effective-management-east-nimba-nature-reserve

	<span id="R00538"></span>Kühl, H. S., Sop, T., Williamson, E. A., Mundry, R., Brugière, D., Campbell, G., …, & Boesch, C. (2017). The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 79(9). [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22681 doi:10.1002/ajp.22681]		<span id="R00538"></span>Kühl, H. S., Sop, T., Williamson, E. A., Mundry, R., Brugière, D., Campbell, G., …, & Boesch, C. (2017). The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 79(9), e22681. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22681 doi:10.1002/ajp.22681]

	<span id="R00539"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (~~2014~~). Conservation status of ~~chimpanzeesPan~~ troglodytes ~~verusand~~ other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]		<span id="R00539"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015). Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]

	<span id="R00540"></span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: [East Nimba Nature Reserve in Liberia; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [08/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. [http://www.protectedplanet.net link]		<span id="R00540"></span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: [East Nimba Nature Reserve in Liberia; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [08/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. [http://www.protectedplanet.net link]

	<span id="R02191"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02191"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-10-27		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-10-27

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	= References =		= References =

	<span id="R00534"></span>Bene, J.K., Gamys, J. & Dufour, S. 2013. A wealth of wildlife endangered in northern Nimba county, Liberia. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2, 314–323.		<span id="R00534"></span>Bene, J.K., Gamys, J. & Dufour, S. 2013. A wealth of wildlife endangered in northern Nimba county, Liberia. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2, 314–323. [https://hal.science/hal-00817627 link]

	<span id="R00535"></span>CI. 2016. East Nimba Nature Reserve Forest Conservation Project. Online: https://www.daikin.com/csr/forests/project/pdf/report_liberia_e_201605.pdf		<span id="R00535"></span>CI. 2016. East Nimba Nature Reserve Forest Conservation Project. Online: https://www.daikin.com/csr/forests/project/pdf/report_liberia_e_201605.pdf

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in East Nimba Nature Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in East Nimba Nature Reserve'''

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|2010		\|2010-2011
	\|		\|
			\|0.17
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|28.0~~		\|East Nimba Nature Reserve (area around Geipa, Camp 4, Cold Water)
	\|East Nimba Nature Reserve
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~WCF unpubl. data, in Kühl et al. 2017~~		\|CI 2012
	\|‘reconnaissance walk’, survey effort: ~~178~~ km		\|‘reconnaissance walk’, survey effort: 41.32 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|2010~~-2011~~		\|2010
	\|		\|
	~~\|0.17~~
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|East Nimba Nature Reserve ~~(area around Geipa, Camp 4, Cold Water)~~		\|28.0
			\|East Nimba Nature Reserve
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~CI 2012~~		\|WCF unpubl. data, in Kühl et al. 2017
	\|‘reconnaissance walk’, survey effort: ~~41.32~~ km		\|‘reconnaissance walk’, survey effort: 178 km
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

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 * Flora and Fauna International, and Conservation International support Liberia’s Forest Development Authority in the protection of the site and implementation of conservation activities, focused mainly on education and awareness.
 * The site borders [[Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve]] in Guinea.
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 118: / Line 114: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |3 Energy production & mining
@@ Line 124: / Line 126: @@
 |Iron ore mining (CILSS 2016)
 |1969-1989
 |-
 |4 Transportation & service corridors
@@ Line 160: / Line 144: @@
 |Collection of NTFPs; especially fruit trees (Zansi, G. K., pers. Comm. 2023).
 |Ongoing (2023)
 |-
 |7 Natural system modifications

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	\|The site was designated as nature reserve in 2003 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)		\|The site was designated as nature reserve in 2003 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
	\|		\|
	\|2003-Ongoing (~~2019~~)		\|2003-Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

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	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Protection & restoration~~		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|5.~~2 Legally protect ape habitat~~		\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
	\|~~The site was designated as nature reserve in 2003~~ (~~UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019~~)		\|FDA rangers and community eco guards conduct patrols (Zansi, G. K., pers. Comm. 2023).
	\|		\|
	\|~~2003-~~Ongoing (~~2019~~)		\|Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Education & awareness		\|4 Education & awareness
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	\|Ongoing (2016)		\|Ongoing (2016)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~2 Counter-wildlife crime~~		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|2~~.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols~~		\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
	\|~~FDA rangers~~ and ~~community eco guards conduct patrols (Zansi, G. K., pers. Comm. 2023~~).		\|The site was designated as nature reserve in 2003 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (~~2023~~)		\|2003-Ongoing (2019)
	\|}		\|}

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_East_Nimba_NR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inEast~~ Nimba Nature Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_East_Nimba_NR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inEast~~ Nimba Nature Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_East_Nimba_NR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in East Nimba Nature Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_East_Nimba_NR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in East Nimba Nature Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =