Conkouati-Douli National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:52, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:52:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00417"></span>Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., …, & Kormos, R. (2005). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Washington D.C. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ApesRAP.English.pdf link]		<span id="R00417"></span>Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., …, & Kormos, R. (2005). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Washington D.C. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ApesRAP.English.pdf link]

	<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010659/http://help-primates.org/en/actions.html link]		<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010659/http://help-primates.org/en/actions.html link]

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:33:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00417"></span>Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., …, & Kormos, R. (2005). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Washington D.C. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ApesRAP.English.pdf link]		<span id="R00417"></span>Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., …, & Kormos, R. (2005). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Washington D.C. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ApesRAP.English.pdf link]

	<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010659/http://help-primates.org/en/actions.html link]		<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010659/http://help-primates.org/en/actions.html link]

WikiEdit at 19:08, 14 October 2026

2026-10-14T19:08:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 14 October 2026
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	<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html		<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010659/http://help-primates.org/en/actions.html link]

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:27:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:27, 12 October 2026
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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) was established in 1999, replacing the Conkouati Wildlife Reserve existing since 1980. CDNP is situated in the southwest corner of the Republic of Congo, bordering Gabon's Mayumba National Park to the north. Together, Mayumba National Park and CDNP form the Conkouati-Mayumba landscape, characterised by coastal lowland forest that extends into higher altitude forest in the mountains to the east, and descends to the inland savanna plain (Tutin et al. 2005). As a result of CDNP's broad habitat diversity, the park is the most biodiverse in Congo. In addition to chimpanzees and gorillas, CDNP is home to many threatened species, including forest elephants, mandrills, and forest buffalo. Marine species, such as manatees, turtles, dolphins and whales, are also found at the site. The coastline of the park, which comprises 35% of the country's coastline, is an important site for sea turtle nesting, particularly for Leatherback and Olive Ridley turtles ([http://wcscongoblog.org/portfolio_page/conkouati-douli-national-park/ WCS; BirdLife International 2020]). The site is also an Important Bird Area, with at least 288 species present (BirdLife International 2020). CDNP is also designated as a Ramsar Site and is registered on the indicative list of UNESCO World Heritage ([http://parcsdenoe.org/en/parcs-congo/# Parcs de Noé]).		Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) was established in 1999, replacing the Conkouati Wildlife Reserve existing since 1980. CDNP is situated in the southwest corner of the Republic of Congo, bordering Gabon's Mayumba National Park to the north. Together, Mayumba National Park and CDNP form the Conkouati-Mayumba landscape, characterised by coastal lowland forest that extends into higher altitude forest in the mountains to the east, and descends to the inland savanna plain ([[#R00417\|Tutin et al. 2005]]). As a result of CDNP's broad habitat diversity, the park is the most biodiverse in Congo. In addition to chimpanzees and gorillas, CDNP is home to many threatened species, including forest elephants, mandrills, and forest buffalo. Marine species, such as manatees, turtles, dolphins and whales, are also found at the site. The coastline of the park, which comprises 35% of the country's coastline, is an important site for sea turtle nesting, particularly for Leatherback and Olive Ridley turtles ([http://wcscongoblog.org/portfolio_page/conkouati-douli-national-park/ WCS; BirdLife International 2020]). The site is also an Important Bird Area, with at least 288 species present ([[#R00415\|BirdLife International 2020]]). CDNP is also designated as a Ramsar Site and is registered on the indicative list of UNESCO World Heritage ([http://parcsdenoe.org/en/parcs-congo/# Parcs de Noé]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	Lack of hunting controls and law enforcement combined with high demand for bushmeat in urban markets threaten the ape population at CDNP (IUCN 2014).		Lack of hunting controls and law enforcement combined with high demand for bushmeat in urban markets threaten the ape population at CDNP ([[#R00416\|IUCN 2014]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hunting driven by considerable demand for bushmeat from urban markets in Congo (IUCN 2014). Hunting and bushmeat trade remain persistent within peripheral villages (RA-PNCD 2023).		\|Hunting driven by considerable demand for bushmeat from urban markets in Congo ([[#R00416\|IUCN 2014]]). Hunting and bushmeat trade remain persistent within peripheral villages (RA-PNCD 2023).
	\|2014-Ongoing (2023)		\|2014-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Logging concessions present at the site, before and after it was declared a National Park (BirdLife International 2020; IUCN 2014).		\|Logging concessions present at the site, before and after it was declared a National Park ([[#R00415\|BirdLife International 2020]]; [[#R00416\|IUCN 2014]]).
	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|6 Species management		\|6 Species management
	\|6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals)		\|6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals)
	\|The NGO [~~http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html~~ HELP Congo] has a reintroduction program, and has released several rescued chimpanzees into the Triangle site (a forested area bordered by the Conkouati lagoon within the park).		\|The NGO [[#R02025\|HELP Congo]] has a reintroduction program, and has released several rescued chimpanzees into the Triangle site (a forested area bordered by the Conkouati lagoon within the park).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
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	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	\|IUCN 2014		\|[[#R00416\|IUCN 2014]]
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.4 Lack of transboundary cooperation		\|4.4 Lack of transboundary cooperation
	\|IUCN 2014		\|[[#R00416\|IUCN 2014]]
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|}		\|}
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02176\|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02176\|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 10 December 2020. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R00415"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 10 December 2020.

	IUCN. (2014). Regional ~~action plan~~ for the ~~conservation~~ of ~~western lowland gorillas~~ and ~~central chimpanzees~~ 2015–2025. ~~IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland, 56 pp~~. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R00416"></span>IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. International Union for Conservation of Nature. [https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2005.ssc-rap.1.en doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2005.ssc-rap.1.en]

	Tutin, C. E. G., ~~et al~~. (2005). Regional ~~action plan~~ for the ~~conservation~~ of ~~chimpanzees~~ and ~~gorillas~~ in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Conservation International, Washington, DC. <br>		<span id="R00417"></span>Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., …, & Kormos, R. (2005). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Washington D.C. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ApesRAP.English.pdf link]

			<span id="R02176"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

			<span id="R02025"></span>HELP Congo. http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html

WikiEdit at 12:13, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:13:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:44, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:44:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. ~~Downloaded~~ from http://www.birdlife.org on 10~~/12/~~2020.		BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 10 December 2020. <br>

	~~Tutin, C., et. al~~. ~~2005~~. Regional ~~Action Plan~~ for the ~~Conservation~~ of ~~Chimpanzees~~ and ~~Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa~~. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group ~~Conservation International. Washington~~, DC.		IUCN. (2014). Regional action plan for the conservation of western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees 2015–2025. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland, 56 pp. <br>

	~~IUCN~~ (~~2014~~). Regional ~~Action Plan~~ for the ~~Conservation~~ of Western ~~Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025~~. ~~Gland, Switzerland:~~ IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. ~~56 pp.~~		Tutin, C. E. G., et al. (2005). Regional action plan for the conservation of chimpanzees and gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Conservation International, Washington, DC. <br>

WikiEdit at 13:35, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T13:35:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 2 June 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects ~~(species is not the target)~~		\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Great apes often suffer injuries from traps probably intended for other animals, sometimes resulting in the loss of a limb (Van Hoef pers. comm. 2025).		\|Great apes often suffer injuries from traps probably intended for other animals, sometimes resulting in the loss of a limb (Van Hoef pers. comm. 2025).

WikiEdit at 09:29, 21 April 2026

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@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 !Source
 !Year(s)
 |-
 |4 Institutional support
@@ Line 207: / Line 217: @@
 |IUCN 2014
 |Ongoing (2014)
 |}

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 * Conservation activities at the site include a reintroduction program for rescued chimpanzees, employing local people in conservation projets, habitat restoration and conducting field patrols.
 * The site is designated as a Ramsar Site.
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 92: / Line 88: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 98: / Line 100: @@
 |Hunting driven by considerable demand for bushmeat from urban markets in Congo (IUCN 2014). Hunting and bushmeat trade remain persistent within peripheral villages (RA-PNCD 2023).
 |2014-Ongoing (2023)
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 124: / Line 114: @@
 |Instances of great ape killings, such as those for trade or cultural believes were reported (Van Hoef pers. comm. 2025).
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-
 |8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases

WikiEdit at 07:24, 4 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:24, 4 February 2026
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	\|The site was declared a National Park in 1999; before that, it was a Wildlife Reserve, since 1980.		\|The site was declared a National Park in 1999; before that, it was a Wildlife Reserve, since 1980.
	\|		\|
	\|1999-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|1999-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration