Batang Toru Ecosystem - Revision history

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T00:10:05Z

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	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	SOCP staff are present at the [https://www.sumatranorangutan.org/our-work/habitat-protection/batang-toru-ecosystem/ Batang Toru Monitoring Station], established in 2006. The station is the only one focused on studying the Tapanuli orangutans.		[[#R02016\|SOCP]] staff are present at the [https://www.sumatranorangutan.org/our-work/habitat-protection/batang-toru-ecosystem/ Batang Toru Monitoring Station], established in 2006. The station is the only one focused on studying the Tapanuli orangutans.

	[[File: Researc_camp_Batang_Toru_Perry_van_Duijnhoven.JPG \| 400px \| thumb\| none \| Research camp in Batang Toru © Perry van Duijnhoven]]		[[File: Researc_camp_Batang_Toru_Perry_van_Duijnhoven.JPG \| 400px \| thumb\| none \| Research camp in Batang Toru © Perry van Duijnhoven]]

WikiEdit at 19:08, 14 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 14 October 2026
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	<span id="R00118"></span>Wich, S. A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. ''Conservation Science and Practice'', 1(6). [https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33 doi:10.1111/csp2.33]		<span id="R00118"></span>Wich, S. A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. ''Conservation Science and Practice'', 1(6). [https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33 doi:10.1111/csp2.33]

	<span id="R01993"></span>batangtoru.org. https://www.batangtoru.org/threats/mining/		<span id="R01993"></span>batangtoru.org. https://www.batangtoru.org/threats/mining/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20201114184653/https://www.batangtoru.org/threats/mining/ link]

	<span id="R02016"></span>SOCP. https://www.sumatranorangutan.org/our-work/habitat-protection/batang-toru-ecosystem/		<span id="R02016"></span>SOCP. https://www.sumatranorangutan.org/our-work/habitat-protection/batang-toru-ecosystem/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605072723/https://www.sumatranorangutan.org/our-work/habitat-protection/batang-toru-ecosystem/ link]

	<span id="R02017"></span>PRCF. https://prcfoundation.org/prcf-indonesia/our-team/		<span id="R02017"></span>PRCF. https://prcfoundation.org/prcf-indonesia/our-team/

WikiEdit at 20:26, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:26:25Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 14:43, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:43:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

	Laurance, W. F., Wich, S. A., Onrizal, O., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Santika, T., Byler, D., Mittermeier, R., Kormos, R., Williamson, E. A., & Meijaard, E. (2020). Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(11), ~~1438-1439~~. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x <br>		Laurance, W. F., Wich, S. A., Onrizal, O., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Santika, T., Byler, D., Mittermeier, R., Kormos, R., Williamson, E. A., & Meijaard, E. (2020). Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(11), 1438–1439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x <br>
	Meijaard, E., Wafiy, M., ~~Ni'Mattulah~~, S., Dennis, R., Hadisiswoyo, P., Sheil, D., ... & Wich, S. (2026). Extreme rainfall further endangers the world’s rarest great ape. Current Biology. <br>
	Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M. P., Nurcahyo, A., Nowak, M. G., de Manuel, M., Desai, T., Groves, C., Pybus, M., Sonay, T. B., Roos, C., Lameira, A. R., Wich, S. A., Askew, J., Davila-Ross, M., Fredriksson, G., de Valles, G., Casals, F., Prado-Martinez, J., Goossens, B., … Krützen, M. (2017). Morphometric, ~~Behavioral~~, and ~~Genomic Evidence~~ for a ~~New Orangutan Species~~. Current Biology, 27(22), ~~3487-3498~~.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047 <br>		Meijaard, E., Wafiy, M., Ni’Mattullah, S., Dennis, R., Hadisiswoyo, P., Sheil, D., ... & Wich, S. (2026). Extreme rainfall further endangers the world’s rarest great ape. Current Biology. <br>

			Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M. P., Nurcahyo, A., Nowak, M. G., de Manuel, M., Desai, T., Groves, C., Pybus, M., Sonay, T. B., Roos, C., Lameira, A. R., Wich, S. A., Askew, J., Davila-Ross, M., Fredriksson, G., de Valles, G., Casals, F., Prado-Martinez, J., Goossens, B., ... & Krützen, M. (2017). Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species. Current Biology, 27(22), 3487–3498.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047 <br>

	Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., Massingham, E., & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 <br>		Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., Massingham, E., & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 <br>
	Wich, S.A., Fredriksson, G. M., Usher, G., Peters, H. H., Priatna, D., Basalamah, F., Susanto, W., & Kühl, H. (2012). Hunting of Sumatran orang-utans and its importance in determining distribution and density. Biological Conservation, 146(1), ~~163-169~~. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.006 <br>
	Wich, ~~Serge~~ A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, 1(6), e33. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33 ~~<br>~~		Wich, S. A., United Nations Environment Programme, Great Apes Survival Project, World Agroforestry Centre, & GRID-Arendal. (Eds.). (2011). Orangutans and the economics of sustainable forest management in Sumatra. United Nations Environment Programme; Great Apes Survival Partnership; Pan Eco; Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari; World Agroforestry Centre; GRID-Arendal. <br>
	Wich, Serge A., United Nations Environment Programme, Great Apes Survival Project, World Agroforestry Centre, & GRID--Arendal (Eds.). (2011). Orangutans and the economics of sustainable forest management in Sumatra. United Nations Environment Programme ; Great Apes Survival Partnership : Pan Eco : Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari : World Agroforestry Centre ; GRID-Arendal <br>
			Wich, S. A., Fredriksson, G. M., Usher, G., Peters, H. H., Priatna, D., Basalamah, F., Susanto, W., & Kühl, H. (2012). Hunting of Sumatran orang-utans and its importance in determining distribution and density. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.006 <br>

			Wich, S. A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, 1(6), e33. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33 <br>



	'''Page created by: '''Serge Wich & Sinan Serhadli''' Date:''' 2023-11-09		'''Page created by: '''Serge Wich & Sinan Serhadli''' Date:''' 2023-11-09

WikiEdit at 07:18, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T07:18:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:18, 15 June 2026
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	\|In connection to the construction of the hydroelectric dam, at least 3 million m3 of excavated spoil is planned to be dumped in orangutan habitat (Wich et al. 2019).		\|In connection to the construction of the hydroelectric dam, at least 3 million m3 of excavated spoil is planned to be dumped in orangutan habitat (Wich et al. 2019).
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
			\|-
			\|10 Geological events
			\|10.3 Avalanches/landslides
			\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
			\|An extreme multi-day rainfall event in November 2025 triggered widespread landslides throughout the West Block of the Batang Toru ecosystem, causing an estimated 11.7% loss of forest cover within the largest remaining habitat of the Tapanuli orangutan. Spatial analyses indicate that approximately 58 orangutans (range 18–120), or 11% of the population, may have been affected, highlighting the potentially severe consequences of extreme climatic events for this Critically Endangered species (Meijaard et al. 2026).
			\|2025
	\|}		\|}

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	= References =		= References =

	Laurance, W. F., Wich, S. A., Onrizal, O., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Santika, T., Byler, D., Mittermeier, R., Kormos, R., Williamson, E. A., & Meijaard, E. (2020). Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(11), 1438-1439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x		Laurance, W. F., Wich, S. A., Onrizal, O., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Santika, T., Byler, D., Mittermeier, R., Kormos, R., Williamson, E. A., & Meijaard, E. (2020). Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(11), 1438-1439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x <br>
			Meijaard, E., Wafiy, M., Ni'Mattulah, S., Dennis, R., Hadisiswoyo, P., Sheil, D., ... & Wich, S. (2026). Extreme rainfall further endangers the world’s rarest great ape. Current Biology. <br>
	Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M. P., Nurcahyo, A., Nowak, M. G., de Manuel, M., Desai, T., Groves, C., Pybus, M., Sonay, T. B., Roos, C., Lameira, A. R., Wich, S. A., Askew, J., Davila-Ross, M., Fredriksson, G., de Valles, G., Casals, F., Prado-Martinez, J., Goossens, B., … Krützen, M. (2017). Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species. Current Biology, 27(22), 3487-3498.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047		Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M. P., Nurcahyo, A., Nowak, M. G., de Manuel, M., Desai, T., Groves, C., Pybus, M., Sonay, T. B., Roos, C., Lameira, A. R., Wich, S. A., Askew, J., Davila-Ross, M., Fredriksson, G., de Valles, G., Casals, F., Prado-Martinez, J., Goossens, B., … Krützen, M. (2017). Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species. Current Biology, 27(22), 3487-3498.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047 <br>
			Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., Massingham, E., & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 <br>
	Wich, S.A., Fredriksson, G. M., Usher, G., Peters, H. H., Priatna, D., Basalamah, F., Susanto, W., & Kühl, H. (2012). Hunting of Sumatran orang-utans and its importance in determining distribution and density. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.006		Wich, S.A., Fredriksson, G. M., Usher, G., Peters, H. H., Priatna, D., Basalamah, F., Susanto, W., & Kühl, H. (2012). Hunting of Sumatran orang-utans and its importance in determining distribution and density. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.006 <br>
			Wich, Serge A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, 1(6), e33. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33 <br>
	Wich, Serge A., Fredriksson, G., Usher, G., Kühl, H. S., & Nowak, M. G. (2019). The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, 1(6), e33. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.33		Wich, Serge A., United Nations Environment Programme, Great Apes Survival Project, World Agroforestry Centre, & GRID--Arendal (Eds.). (2011). Orangutans and the economics of sustainable forest management in Sumatra. United Nations Environment Programme ; Great Apes Survival Partnership : Pan Eco : Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari : World Agroforestry Centre ; GRID-Arendal <br>

	Wich, Serge A., United Nations Environment Programme, Great Apes Survival Project, World Agroforestry Centre, & GRID--Arendal (Eds.). (2011). Orangutans and the economics of sustainable forest management in Sumatra. United Nations Environment Programme ; Great Apes Survival Partnership : Pan Eco : Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari : World Agroforestry Centre ; GRID-Arendal

	Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., Massingham, E., & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744



	'''Page created by: '''Serge Wich & Sinan Serhadli''' Date:''' 2023-11-09		'''Page created by: '''Serge Wich & Sinan Serhadli''' Date:''' 2023-11-09

WikiEdit at 09:25, 21 April 2026

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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|1 Site management
			\|1.2 Need for improved coordination
			\|Wich et al. 2019
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
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	\|4.2 Lack of government support		\|4.2 Lack of government support
	\|Wich et al. 2019; Laurance et al. 2020		\|Wich et al. 2019; Laurance et al. 2020
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|1 Site management~~
	~~\|1.2 Need for improved coordination~~
	~~\|Wich et al. 2019~~
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:41, 25 March 2026

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@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * Conservation activities have focused on restoring habitat corridors, education and awareness campaigns, bolstering traditional agricultural practices and “orangutan-friendly” produce.
 * The site is the only place where the Tapanuli orangutan occurs.
 [[File: Tapanuli_orangutan_Gabriella_Fredriksson.jpg | 400px | thumb| none | Tapanuli orangutan © Gabriella Fredriksson]]
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 92: / Line 88: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 104: / Line 112: @@
 |Illegal killing of orangutans as a result of human-wildlife conflict situations. Orangutans are also partly hunted for bushmeat (Wich et al. 2012, Wich et al. 2019, Sherman et al. 2022).
 |2012-Ongoing (2022)
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 134: / Line 124: @@
 |The construction of a hydropower plant, proposed by North Sumatera Hydro Energy, a Jakarta-based firm, implemented by Sinohydro, China’s national hydropower agency. (Laurance et al. 2020). The dam was planned in an area with the highest Tapanuli orangutan densities (Wich et al. 2019). The construction of the dam has already commenced (Wich pers. comm. 2023).
 |Ongoing (2023)
 |}

WikiEdit at 07:23, 4 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:23, 4 February 2026
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	\|Protected areas existing within the site (Lubuk Raya Nature Reserve, Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve, Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve).		\|Protected areas existing within the site (Lubuk Raya Nature Reserve, Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve, Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve).
	\|		\|
	\|1982-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|1982-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration

WikiEdit at 14:26, 23 December 2025

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 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |1 Development impact mitigation
@@ Line 175: / Line 163: @@
+|
 |Ongoing (2023)
 |-
 |5 Protection & restoration
@@ Line 181: / Line 175: @@
+|
 |Ongoing (2023)
 |}

WikiEdit at 20:26, 30 October 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 30 October 2025
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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]
	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: ~~BatangToru field~~.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © PRCF Indonesia]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: ~~BatangToru fieldteam~~.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © PRCF Indonesia]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: ~~BatangToru fieldwork~~.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \|© PRCF Indonesia]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: BatangToru_field.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © PRCF Indonesia]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: BatangToru_fieldteam.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © PRCF Indonesia]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: BatangToru_fieldwork.jpeg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \|© PRCF Indonesia]] </li></ul></div>
	= Challenges =		= Challenges =