View source for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-0.662290, 112.677723~[[Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park]]~''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''}}</div>
* Southwest Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'') are present in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park.
* It has been estimated that 675 individuals occur in the site.
* The orangutan population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 1,810 km².
* Key threats to orangutans are illegal logging and hunting.
* Conservation activities have focused on providing affordable healthcare, monitoring of  illegal activities by community members, reintroduction of orangutans.
* The site is a release site for rehabilitated orangutans.
= Site characteristics =

Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park is located on the Schwaner mountains between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The land is dominated by lower mountain forest, lowland evergreen forest and upper mountain forest (BirdLife International 2022).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''
|-
|Area
|1,810 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: -0.662290 , Lon:  112.677723
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (National Park)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] 
= Ape status =

Based on the 2007-2017 Indonesian Action Plan, the estimated orangutan population in Bukit Baka (350 sq km) was 175 individuals, and in Bukit Raya (500 sq km) 500 individuals (Ministry of Forestry 2009).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''
|
|
|
|
|
|Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] 
= Threats =

Illegal logging and hunting represent primary sources of income for neighbouring communities (Finley 2019).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Slash-and-burn rice cultivation, rubber tree plantations (Finley 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Illegal hunting (Finley 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Illegal logging (Finley 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|}

[[Threats]] 
= Conservation activities =

The park is a critical release site for rehabilitated orangutans.

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|4 Education & awareness
|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
|[https://healthinharmony.org/rainforests-and-communities/ Health in Harmony] selected nine community members to become “forest guardians” who monitor illegal logging activity and help their neighbours access health services (Finley 2019).
|
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|The site is classified as a National Park.
|
|1992-Ongoing (2026)
|-
|6 Species management
|6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals)
|Since 2016, the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation has worked in collaboration with the National Park authorities, the Central Kalimantan BKSDA, and USAID LESTARI to facilitate the release of rehabilitated orangutans, and three wild orangutans that were translocated from conflict areas ([https://www.orangutan.or.id/working-together-in-the-bukit-baka-bukit-raya-national-park BOS Foundation]).
|
|Ongoing (2016)
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
|Health In Harmony provides accessible and affordable healthcare, as well as workshops in composting and soil regeneration ([https://healthinharmony.org/rainforests-and-communities/ Health in Harmony]).
|
|Ongoing (2018)
|}

[[Conservation activities]] 
= Challenges =



'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|}

[[Challenges]] 
= Enablers =



'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]] 
= Research activities =



= Documented behaviours =



'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]] 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =



= External links =



= References =

BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 17/02/2022.

Finley, N. (2019, June 12). Out on a limb: Unlikely collaboration boosts orangutans in Borneo. Mongabay Series: Great Apes. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/out-on-a-limb-unlikely-collaboration-boosts-orangutans-in-borneo/

Ministry of Forestry. (2009). Orangutan Indonesia Conservation Strategies and Action Plan 2007-2017. Jakarta, Indonesia. https://www.iucngreatapes.org/_files/ugd/16b29f_747d55ccae744ecfba2b86c42ef64cc0.pdf



'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-02-18